The Russian Revolution refers to a pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917 which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of the Soviet Union. The first revolution, in February, led to the collapse of the Tsarist autocracy and resulted in a provisional government. The second revolution, in October, was orchestrated by the Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, and resulted in the Bolsheviks seizing power.
The Romanovs were the reigning royal family of Russia from 1613 until the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II on March 15, 1917, as a result of the February Revolution. The last Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II, was forced to abdicate after widespread revolt due to food shortages, mass conscription during World War I, and his perceived incompetence.
The rise of Bolshevism was largely due to the leadership of Vladimir Lenin. After the October Revolution, Lenin and the Bolsheviks established a socialist government and ended Russia's involvement in World War I. However, this led to a civil war between the "Reds" (Bolsheviks) and the "Whites" (anti-Bolsheviks). The Bolsheviks, with the support of the workers and peasants, emerged victorious in 1922, leading to the establishment of the Soviet Union.
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